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Cancer is a major healthcare burden across the world and impacts
not only the people diagnosed with various cancers but also their
families, carers, and healthcare systems. With advances in the
diagnosis and treatment, more people are diagnosed early and
receive treatments for a disease where few treatments options were
previously available. As a result, the survival of patients with
cancer has steadily improved and, in most cases, patients who are
not cured may receive multiple lines of treatment, often with
financial consequences for the patients, insurers and healthcare
systems. Although many books exist that address economic
evaluation, Economic Evaluation of Cancer Drugs using Clinical
Trial and Real World Data is the first unified text that
specifically addresses the economic evaluation of cancer drugs. The
authors discuss how to perform cost-effectiveness analyses while
emphasising the strategic importance of designing
cost-effectiveness into cancer trials and building robust economic
evaluation models that have a higher chance of reimbursement if
truly cost-effective. They cover the use of real-world data using
cancer registries and discuss how such data can support or
complement clinical trials with limited follow up. Lessons learned
from failed reimbursement attempts, factors predictive of
successful reimbursement and the different payer requirements
across major countries including US, Australia, Canada, UK,
Germany, France and Italy are also discussed. The book includes
many detailed practical examples, case studies and
thought-provoking exercises for use in classroom and seminar
discussions. Iftekhar Khan is a medical statistician and health
economist and a lead statistician at Oxford Unviersity's Center for
Statistics in Medicine. Professor Khan is also a Senior Research
Fellow in Health Economics at University of Warwick and is a Senior
Statistical Assessor within the Licensing Division of the UK
Medicine and Health Regulation Agency. Ralph Crott is a former
professor in Pharmacoeconomics at the University of Montreal in
Quebec, Canada and former head of the EORTC Health Economics Unit
and former senior health economist at the Belgian HTA organization.
Zahid Bashir has over twelve years experience working in the
pharmaceutical industry in medical affairs and oncology drug
development where he is involved in the design and execution of
oncology clinical trials and development of reimbursement dossiers
for HTA submission.
This book considers the challenges of building disaster resilience
in South Asia - a region that frequently experiences some of the
most severe and devastating impacts of disasters. Despite
significant work to assist affected communities, many smaller South
Asian countries remain particularly vulnerable in terms of
fostering disaster resilience. Drawing on examples from Bangladesh,
Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal and Sri Lanka, the book offers rich
insights and narratives on disaster resilience policy and practice.
It considers the possibilities for advancing community resilience
and capacity building through an exploration of different aspects
of governance and policy. Given the diversity of these countries
and recent disasters, a variety of perspectives are considered:
institutional and policy frameworks, risk management governance,
recovery operations, building codes, and policy and media
discourse. The book offers a collective understanding of practice,
which can offer global lessons to a world increasingly beset by
disasters and with uncertain environmental futures. This book will
be a valuable resource for scholars, practitioners and students in
the fields of disaster risk reduction and management, climate
change adaptation, public policy and sustainable development.
This handbook examines Pakistan's 70-year history from a number of
different perspectives. When Pakistan was born, it did not have a
capital, a functioning government or a central bank. The country
lacked a skilled workforce. While the state was in the process of
being established, eight million Muslim refugees arrived from
India, who had to be absorbed into a population of 24 million
people. However, within 15 years, Pakistan was the fastest growing
and transforming economy in the developing world, although the
political evolution of the country during this period was not
equally successful. Pakistan has vast agricultural and human
resources, and its location promises trade, investment and other
opportunities. Chapters in the volume, written by experts in the
field, examine government and politics, economics, foreign policy
and environmental issues, as well as social aspects of Pakistan's
development, including the media, technology, gender and education.
Shahid Javed Burki is an economist who has been a member of the
faculty at Harvard University, USA, and Chief Economist, Planning
and Development Department, Government of the Punjab. He has also
served as Minister of Finance in the Government of Pakistan, and
has written a number of books, and journal and newspaper articles.
He joined the World Bank in 1974 as a senior economist and went on
to serve in several senior positions. He was the (first) Director
of the China Department (1987-94) and served as the Regional
Vice-President for Latin America and the Caribbean during 1994-99.
He is currently the Chair of the Board of Directors of the Shahid
Javed Burki Institute of Public Policy at NetSol (BIPP) in Lahore.
Iftekhar Ahmed Chowdhury is a career Bangladeshi diplomat and
former Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Government of Bangladesh
(2007-08). He has a PhD in international relations from the
Australian National University, Canberra. He began his career as a
member of the civil service of Pakistan in 1969. Dr Chowdhury has
held senior diplomatic positions in the course of his career,
including as Permanent Representative of Bangladesh to the United
Nations in New York (2001-07) and in Geneva (1996-2001), and was
ambassador to Qatar, Chile, Peru and the Vatican. He is currently a
visiting senior research fellow at the Institute of South Asian
Studies, National University of Singapore. Asad Ejaz Butt is the
Director of the Burki Institute of Public Policy, Lahore, Pakistan.
Cancer is a major healthcare burden across the world and impacts
not only the people diagnosed with various cancers but also their
families, carers, and healthcare systems. With advances in the
diagnosis and treatment, more people are diagnosed early and
receive treatments for a disease where few treatments options were
previously available. As a result, the survival of patients with
cancer has steadily improved and, in most cases, patients who are
not cured may receive multiple lines of treatment, often with
financial consequences for the patients, insurers and healthcare
systems. Although many books exist that address economic
evaluation, Economic Evaluation of Cancer Drugs using Clinical
Trial and Real World Data is the first unified text that
specifically addresses the economic evaluation of cancer drugs. The
authors discuss how to perform cost-effectiveness analyses while
emphasising the strategic importance of designing
cost-effectiveness into cancer trials and building robust economic
evaluation models that have a higher chance of reimbursement if
truly cost-effective. They cover the use of real-world data using
cancer registries and discuss how such data can support or
complement clinical trials with limited follow up. Lessons learned
from failed reimbursement attempts, factors predictive of
successful reimbursement and the different payer requirements
across major countries including US, Australia, Canada, UK,
Germany, France and Italy are also discussed. The book includes
many detailed practical examples, case studies and
thought-provoking exercises for use in classroom and seminar
discussions. Iftekhar Khan is a medical statistician and health
economist and a lead statistician at Oxford Unviersity's Center for
Statistics in Medicine. Professor Khan is also a Senior Research
Fellow in Health Economics at University of Warwick and is a Senior
Statistical Assessor within the Licensing Division of the UK
Medicine and Health Regulation Agency. Ralph Crott is a former
professor in Pharmacoeconomics at the University of Montreal in
Quebec, Canada and former head of the EORTC Health Economics Unit
and former senior health economist at the Belgian HTA organization.
Zahid Bashir has over twelve years experience working in the
pharmaceutical industry in medical affairs and oncology drug
development where he is involved in the design and execution of
oncology clinical trials and development of reimbursement dossiers
for HTA submission.
This book considers the challenges of building disaster resilience
in South Asia - a region that frequently experiences some of the
most severe and devastating impacts of disasters. Despite
significant work to assist affected communities, many smaller South
Asian countries remain particularly vulnerable in terms of
fostering disaster resilience. Drawing on examples from Bangladesh,
Bhutan, Maldives, Nepal and Sri Lanka, the book offers rich
insights and narratives on disaster resilience policy and practice.
It considers the possibilities for advancing community resilience
and capacity building through an exploration of different aspects
of governance and policy. Given the diversity of these countries
and recent disasters, a variety of perspectives are considered:
institutional and policy frameworks, risk management governance,
recovery operations, building codes, and policy and media
discourse. The book offers a collective understanding of practice,
which can offer global lessons to a world increasingly beset by
disasters and with uncertain environmental futures. This book will
be a valuable resource for scholars, practitioners and students in
the fields of disaster risk reduction and management, climate
change adaptation, public policy and sustainable development.
Community Engagement in Post-Disaster Recovery reflects a wide
array of practical experiences in working with disaster-affected
communities internationally. It demonstrates that widely held
assumptions about the benefits of community consultation and
engagement in disaster recovery work need to be examined more
critically because poorly conceived and hastily implemented
community engagement strategies have sometimes exacerbated
divisions within affected communities and/or resulted in
ineffective use of aid funding. It is equally demonstrated that
well-crafted, creative and thoughtful programming is possible. The
wide collection of case studies of practical experience from around
the world is presented to help establish ways of working with
communities experiencing great challenges. The book offers
practical suggestions on how to give more substance to the rhetoric
of community consultation and engagement in these areas of work. It
suggests the need to work with a dynamic understanding of community
formation that is particularly relevant when people experience
unforeseen challenges and traumatic experiences. This title
interrogates the concept of community through an extensive review
of the literature and explores the ways of working with communities
in transition and particularly in their recovery phases through an
array of case studies in a range of socioeconomic and political
contexts. Focused on the concept of community in post-disaster
recovery solutions-an aspect which has received little critical
interrogation in the literature-this book will be a valuable
resource to students and scholars in disaster management as well as
humanitarian agencies.
Community Engagement in Post-Disaster Recovery reflects a wide
array of practical experiences in working with disaster-affected
communities internationally. It demonstrates that widely held
assumptions about the benefits of community consultation and
engagement in disaster recovery work need to be examined more
critically because poorly conceived and hastily implemented
community engagement strategies have sometimes exacerbated
divisions within affected communities and/or resulted in
ineffective use of aid funding. It is equally demonstrated that
well-crafted, creative and thoughtful programming is possible. The
wide collection of case studies of practical experience from around
the world is presented to help establish ways of working with
communities experiencing great challenges. The book offers
practical suggestions on how to give more substance to the rhetoric
of community consultation and engagement in these areas of work. It
suggests the need to work with a dynamic understanding of community
formation that is particularly relevant when people experience
unforeseen challenges and traumatic experiences. This title
interrogates the concept of community through an extensive review
of the literature and explores the ways of working with communities
in transition and particularly in their recovery phases through an
array of case studies in a range of socioeconomic and political
contexts. Focused on the concept of community in post-disaster
recovery solutions-an aspect which has received little critical
interrogation in the literature-this book will be a valuable
resource to students and scholars in disaster management as well as
humanitarian agencies.
Economic evaluation has become an essential component of clinical
trial design to show that new treatments and technologies offer
value to payers in various healthcare systems. Although many books
exist that address the theoretical or practical aspects of
cost-effectiveness analysis, this book differentiates itself from
the competition by detailing how to apply health economic
evaluation techniques in a clinical trial context, from both
academic and pharmaceutical/commercial perspectives. It also
includes a special chapter for clinical trials in Cancer. Design
& Analysis of Clinical Trials for Economic Evaluation &
Reimbursement is not just about performing cost-effectiveness
analyses. It also emphasizes the strategic importance of economic
evaluation and offers guidance and advice on the complex factors at
play before, during, and after an economic evaluation. Filled with
detailed examples, the book bridges the gap between applications of
economic evaluation in industry (mainly pharmaceutical) and what
students may learn in university courses. It provides readers with
access to SAS and STATA code. In addition, Windows-based software
for sample size and value of information analysis is available free
of charge-making it a valuable resource for students considering a
career in this field or for those who simply wish to know more
about applying economic evaluation techniques. The book includes
coverage of trial design, case report form design, quality of life
measures, sample sizes, submissions to regulatory authorities for
reimbursement, Markov models, cohort models, and decision trees.
Examples and case studies are provided at the end of each chapter.
Presenting first-hand insights into how economic evaluations are
performed from a drug development perspective, the book supplies
readers with the foundation required to succeed in an environment
where clinical trials and cost-effectiveness of new treatments are
central. It also includes thought-provoking exercises for use in
classroom and seminar discussions.
Through 12 case studies from Australia, Bangladesh, Haiti, Sri
Lanka, Vietnam and the USA, this book focuses on the housing
reconstruction process after an earthquake, tsunami, cyclone, flood
or fire. Design of post-disaster housing is not simply replacing
the destroyed house but, as these case studies highlight, a means
to not only build a safer house but also a more resilient
community; not to simply return to the same condition as before the
disaster, but an opportunity for building back better. The book
explores two main themes: Housing reconstruction is most successful
when involving the users in the design and construction process
Housing reconstruction is most effective when it is integrated with
community infrastructure, services and the means to create real
livelihoods. The case studies included in this book highlight work
completed by different agencies and built environment professionals
in diverse disaster-affected contexts. With a global acceleration
of natural disasters, often linked to accelerating climate change,
there is a critical demand for robust housing solutions for
vulnerable communities. This book provides professionals, policy
makers and community stakeholders working in the international
development and disaster risk management sectors, with an
evidence-based exploration of how to add real value through the
design process in housing reconstruction. Herein then, the
knowledge we need to build, an approach to improve our processes, a
window to understanding the complex domain of post-disaster housing
reconstruction.
Economic evaluation has become an essential component of clinical
trial design to show that new treatments and technologies offer
value to payers in various healthcare systems. Although many books
exist that address the theoretical or practical aspects of
cost-effectiveness analysis, this book differentiates itself from
the competition by detailing how to apply health economic
evaluation techniques in a clinical trial context, from both
academic and pharmaceutical/commercial perspectives. It also
includes a special chapter for clinical trials in Cancer. Design
& Analysis of Clinical Trials for Economic Evaluation &
Reimbursement is not just about performing cost-effectiveness
analyses. It also emphasizes the strategic importance of economic
evaluation and offers guidance and advice on the complex factors at
play before, during, and after an economic evaluation. Filled with
detailed examples, the book bridges the gap between applications of
economic evaluation in industry (mainly pharmaceutical) and what
students may learn in university courses. It provides readers with
access to SAS and STATA code. In addition, Windows-based software
for sample size and value of information analysis is available free
of charge-making it a valuable resource for students considering a
career in this field or for those who simply wish to know more
about applying economic evaluation techniques. The book includes
coverage of trial design, case report form design, quality of life
measures, sample sizes, submissions to regulatory authorities for
reimbursement, Markov models, cohort models, and decision trees.
Examples and case studies are provided at the end of each chapter.
Presenting first-hand insights into how economic evaluations are
performed from a drug development perspective, the book supplies
readers with the foundation required to succeed in an environment
where clinical trials and cost-effectiveness of new treatments are
central. It also includes thought-provoking exercises for use in
classroom and seminar discussions.
This handbook examines Pakistan's 70-year history from a number of
different perspectives. When Pakistan was born, it did not have a
capital, a functioning government or a central bank. The country
lacked a skilled workforce. While the state was in the process of
being established, eight million Muslim refugees arrived from
India, who had to be absorbed into a population of 24 million
people. However, within 15 years, Pakistan was the fastest growing
and transforming economy in the developing world, although the
political evolution of the country during this period was not
equally successful. Pakistan has vast agricultural and human
resources, and its location promises trade, investment and other
opportunities. Chapters in the volume, written by experts in the
field, examine government and politics, economics, foreign policy
and environmental issues, as well as social aspects of Pakistan's
development, including the media, technology, gender and education.
Shahid Javed Burki is an economist who has been a member of the
faculty at Harvard University, USA, and Chief Economist, Planning
and Development Department, Government of the Punjab. He has also
served as Minister of Finance in the Government of Pakistan, and
has written a number of books, and journal and newspaper articles.
He joined the World Bank in 1974 as a senior economist and went on
to serve in several senior positions. He was the (first) Director
of the China Department (1987-94) and served as the Regional
Vice-President for Latin America and the Caribbean during 1994-99.
He is currently the Chair of the Board of Directors of the Shahid
Javed Burki Institute of Public Policy at NetSol (BIPP) in Lahore.
Iftekhar Ahmed Chowdhury is a career Bangladeshi diplomat and
former Minister of Foreign Affairs in the Government of Bangladesh
(2007-08). He has a PhD in international relations from the
Australian National University, Canberra. He began his career as a
member of the civil service of Pakistan in 1969. Dr Chowdhury has
held senior diplomatic positions in the course of his career,
including as Permanent Representative of Bangladesh to the United
Nations in New York (2001-07) and in Geneva (1996-2001), and was
ambassador to Qatar, Chile, Peru and the Vatican. He is currently a
visiting senior research fellow at the Institute of South Asian
Studies, National University of Singapore. Asad Ejaz Butt is the
Director of the Burki Institute of Public Policy, Lahore, Pakistan.
This book includes selected papers presented at the international
expert forum on "Mainstreaming Resilience and Disaster Risk
Reduction in Education," held at the Asian Institute of Technology,
Thailand on 1-2 December 2017. The journey towards disaster risk
reduction and resilience requires the participation of a wide array
of stakeholders ranging from academics to policymakers, to disaster
managers. Given the multifaceted and interdependent nature of
disasters, disaster risk reduction and resilience require a
multidisciplinary problem-solving approach and evidence-based
techniques from the natural, social, engineering, and other
relevant sciences. Traditionally, hazard and disaster-related
studies have been dominated by the engineering and social science
fields. In this regard, the main purpose of this book is to capture
the multidisciplinary and multisectoral nature of disaster risk
reduction, and to gather existing data, research, conceptual work,
and practical cases regarding risk reduction and its ties to
sustainable development under a single "umbrella." Along with the
sustainability aspect, the book also links disaster risk reduction
with development, technology, governance, education, and climate
change, and includes discussions on challenges, solutions, and best
practices in the mainstreaming of disaster risk reduction.
Through 12 case studies from Australia, Bangladesh, Haiti, Sri
Lanka, Vietnam and the USA, this book focuses on the housing
reconstruction process after an earthquake, tsunami, cyclone, flood
or fire. Design of post-disaster housing is not simply replacing
the destroyed house but, as these case studies highlight, a means
to not only build a safer house but also a more resilient
community; not to simply return to the same condition as before the
disaster, but an opportunity for building back better. The book
explores two main themes: Housing reconstruction is most successful
when involving the users in the design and construction process
Housing reconstruction is most effective when it is integrated with
community infrastructure, services and the means to create real
livelihoods. The case studies included in this book highlight work
completed by different agencies and built environment professionals
in diverse disaster-affected contexts. With a global acceleration
of natural disasters, often linked to accelerating climate change,
there is a critical demand for robust housing solutions for
vulnerable communities. This book provides professionals, policy
makers and community stakeholders working in the international
development and disaster risk management sectors, with an
evidence-based exploration of how to add real value through the
design process in housing reconstruction. Herein then, the
knowledge we need to build, an approach to improve our processes, a
window to understanding the complex domain of post-disaster housing
reconstruction.
New venture founders and their sponsors seek to create economic
value by finding and commercializing new and better ways of doing
things. Their common goal, which also defines the purpose of the
entrepreneurial process itself, requires a better grasp of the key
elements that influence the choices involved in attempting to
create economic value under highly uncertain conditions. It also
requires a deeper understanding of the consequences of new venture
investment as well as the various contextual factors that influence
investment decisions and venture outcomes. When confronted with a
particular decision making problem faced by entrepreneurs and new
venture investors, academic scholars analyze how and why the
problem in question is a special case of some theory or model which
they know. In seeking to detect generalities and to make abstracted
sense of observed realities, academics generally classify the
problem in a way that is a natural consequence of the specific
discipline- or field-based knowledge they possess (Davidsson,
2002). The explanations that academic researchers provide and the
predictions they make are therefore likely to be framed in terms of
the types of variables, theoretical perspectives, levels of
analysis, and research methodologies with which they are familiar.
In seeking to explore the intellectual underpinnings of new venture
investment, we have gathered and organized a set of papers that
provide scholarly analysis of the choices involved in new venture
investment as well as the various contextual factors that influence
investment outcomes. To insure a more robust and hopefully
interesting scholarly treatment of such problems, we sought to
include a variety of interdisciplinary and international
perspectives that reflect a broad range of theoretical and
empirical approaches.
This book includes selected papers presented at the international
expert forum on "Mainstreaming Resilience and Disaster Risk
Reduction in Education," held at the Asian Institute of Technology,
Thailand on 1-2 December 2017. The journey towards disaster risk
reduction and resilience requires the participation of a wide array
of stakeholders ranging from academics to policymakers, to disaster
managers. Given the multifaceted and interdependent nature of
disasters, disaster risk reduction and resilience require a
multidisciplinary problem-solving approach and evidence-based
techniques from the natural, social, engineering, and other
relevant sciences. Traditionally, hazard and disaster-related
studies have been dominated by the engineering and social science
fields. In this regard, the main purpose of this book is to capture
the multidisciplinary and multisectoral nature of disaster risk
reduction, and to gather existing data, research, conceptual work,
and practical cases regarding risk reduction and its ties to
sustainable development under a single "umbrella." Along with the
sustainability aspect, the book also links disaster risk reduction
with development, technology, governance, education, and climate
change, and includes discussions on challenges, solutions, and best
practices in the mainstreaming of disaster risk reduction.
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